Micro Irrigation systems have been at the forefront in policy making because of its significant impact on saving water resource,

enhanced agricultural productivity and enriched nutritional quality. Considering the importance of MIS, this study has been

undertaken in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India to determine why MIS have not been adopted to the expected level among

small and marginal farmers when the state government provides 100% subsidy and to find out the reasons for discontinuation

of the technology. Employing Logit model, it is found that the adoption of the technology is significantly influenced by farming

experience and years of education of the farmers, income from non-farm and off-farm activities and area under wider spaced

crops. Factors like negative perception towards the technology and non-availability of technical support leads to dis-adoption of

the technology. Modifying the specifications on subsidy will result in increased adoption and also decreased dis-adoption of the

technology.

The papers focused on impact on students and farmers skills under the RAWE programme under the CCS Haryana Agriculture

University Hisar. The study found that motivation needs which were varied towards students motivation skills. Thus, the factors

are found to be responsible to assess an impact on students’ skills and impact on farmers. To get a clearer spectrum of the study

associated factors taken to measure the impact during RAWE. It was found under intrinsic motivation majority (70%) of students

found that learning and experience ideas was considered to be the most vital factor that secure (2.39) mean score value followed

by (60%) believed to do well and show good result secured (2.20) mean value. While (70%) select the CCSHAU due to interest in

agriculture with mean value (2.35). However, (70%) students using local language with farmers secured mean value (2.14) in case

of students’ self-exploration. Study revealed that under extrinsic motivation majority (75%) students found to highly motivated on

the statement concerning welfare to get good feedback which secured (1.67) mean, avoid working what else to do (75%) with (1.67)

mean value, where (60%) students had medium level of motivation on the statement believed to be motivated (15%) with (2.14)

mean value towards extrinsic motivation. Eventually more than (60%) students having medium level of motivation concerning on

the statement students enjoy and interest due to village view with (1.82) mean value, (70%) having low level of motivation show

very little performance with mean value (1.71) respectively.

An experiment was conducted during the year 2015-2016, at the Instructional Farm, Department of Horticulture, SKN, College of

Agriculture, Jobner for the study the impact of nutrient and bio-fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Status and Quality attributes of garlic.

The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 16 treatment combinations, four phosphorous levels viz.

control, 25 kg P ha-1, 50 kg P ha-1 and 75 kg P ha-1 as first factor and four seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer as second factor viz.

control, PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM. The results of phosphorous levels revealed significantly higher soil nutrient status and quality

were recorded due to application of 75 kg P ha-1. However, application of 75 kg P ha-1 was statistically at par with 50 kg ha-1 for all

quality characters, Sulphur content (%), N content in bulb (%), P content in bulb (%), K content in bulb (%), Total soluble solids (%)

and P content in soil Among the bio-fertilizers, inoculation with PSB + VAM recorded higher values of soil nutrients and quality

characters of garlic.

Data on 60 sport persons, experienced with sports injury, taken at random at KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha were included

in the present study. Garrett’s Ranking Technique was adopted to rank the responses, obtained through putting the questionnaire

with regard to the confidence, performance and feelings after getting injury during sporting event by the respondents. Confidence of

regaining after getting healed was preferred response with mean score of 69.60 against 53.87, 45.00 and 30.40 with other comparable

factors. Performing well despite shortcomings was primary response with mean score of 64.25 against 50.23, 44.58 and 39.83 with

other proposed factors. More critical evaluation of self was rated as the least important response with mean score of 34.20 as against

other three factors having almost similar scores ranging from 50 to 60 indicating a casual response to the injury incurred in sports

among the subjects.

Village level organizations and leaders play an important role in the decision-making process with respect to technology adoption

and spread in a community. Often the village level leaders are constrained with issues such as lack of adequate knowledge, poor

communication skill, poor accessibility to right technology sources, exploitation by input dealers and prevalence of conflicts due to

local groupism among farmers. The present study was conducted among 207 farmers, who were office bearers or active members of

formal village organizations (FVO) belonging to five districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Bureaucratic protocols and inadequate financial

resources were the major constraints in the functioning of FVOs, while communication skills and knowledge for development

schemes & ICT tools were the major capacity development needs perceived by the members & leaders of FVOs. It was also found

out that FVOs can be integrated with overall agricultural development of the village and surrounding areas if the leaders and

members involved in the technology delivery mechanism as partners and properly utilized by the extension functionaries.

The present study assessed the performance of selected cereal crops viz., wheat and rice in state in terms of growth and variability

over 30 years’ time period from 1991-92 to 2020-21. Further these periods are divided into four sub-periods. The study is entirely

based on secondary data obtained from the Directorate of Economics and statistics, ministry of Agriculture, Government of India,

New Delhi. To obtained this, exponential growth model and Cuddy-Della Valle index (CDVI) were used. The study concluded

that, the area, production and productivity of wheat reported positive compound annual growth rate. However, a positive and

significant growth rate were seen across the sub-period II and III. In terms of variability, it was found that in both the crops wheat

and rice reported highest variation in production when compared to area and productivity.

Tolerance and toleration are a pair of terms with differences and complex relationships, and the connotations and differences

between them have always been different, and no clear and relatively consistent understanding has been formed in the academic

field. By examining them from a comprehensive perspective, we can find that the differences between tolerance and toleration are

mainly reflected in four aspects: status value, psychological expression, the object of concern, and contingency and inevitability.

Through the analysis, we can find that tolerance is a higher moral quality or ought-value, and its psychological mechanism is active

and proactive, while toleration is an essential requirement and a fundamental norm. Its psychological characteristics are mainly

passive and restrained. The analysis of the concept helps us to understand the value of tolerance to individuals and society, but

tolerance is not always valuable, and in the public and private spheres, tolerance or not is based on the reasonable limits of law and

moral conscience.